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Edmond Edward Wysinger
Edmond Edward Wysinger (1816–1891) was an African American pioneer in California, arriving around October 1849 at the beginning of the California Gold Rush. California was annexed by the United States and was admitted to the Union as the thirty-first state on September 9, 1850.
==California Supreme Court case==
On January 29, 1890, in the Visalia, California court case ''Wysinger vs. Crookshank'', 82 Cal 588, 720, (1890), the California Supreme Court ruled that public school districts in California may not establish separate schools for African American and Native American children.
In 1862, Visalia was a community deeply divided by the American Civil War (1861–1865) and many sided with the South. Despite the turmoil, Wysinger stayed in the community. Edmond, a self-educated man, worked as a laborer and part-time preacher. He stressed the importance of education for his children. He tried to admit his son Arthur to a regular public school but was refused, resulting in him entering a suit against the county school board of education in the Supreme Court of the State California in October 1888. On March 1, 1890, the California Supreme Court, in ''Wysinger vs. Crookshank'' reversed a lower court decision and ordered that 12-year-old Arthur Wysinger be admitted to Visalia's regular school system.〔(Wysinger vs. Crookshank primary document )〕
If the people of the state desired separate but equal schools for citizens of African descent, and Indians, their wish may be accomplished by laws enacted by the law-making department of the government in accordance with existing constitutional provisions. But this course had not been pursued, as the law stood in 1890, and the powers given to boards of education and school trustees, under section 1617 of the Political Code, did not include the right claimed by the board of education of Visalia. The laws segregating Chinese children, (see United States v. Wong Kim Ark), remained on the books probably because it was the general impression that only discriminatory laws aimed at African Americans and Indians were forbidden by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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